A long time ago...
I had a similar problem with a Larson scanner I designed (my "KITT kit"), using the 555 and an LM3914 (I think the schems are posted in another thread). Anyway, everything was working fine, until I hooked up the actual lights. I planned on using T194 marker lamps driven by some TIP120 Darlingtons. To make things easier on the wiring, I figured I'd just switch in the hot to each bulb, and tie all the grounds to a chassis point nearby. Big mistake. There's a reason all the hot switching in a car is done with relays. Anyhoo, I went through quite a few tests, nothing worked. It wasn't until the ballast of my so-so worklight overhead went flaky, and went out, leaving me in the dark. That's when I noticed that my lights were lighting up - just not bright enough to notice unless you're in a Pennsylvania coal mine at midnight.
That's when I remembered the difference between "source" and "sink". Sure enough, swapping the load from switched hot to switched ground did the trick. Look at the attachment to see what this means. Print it out. Make a poster of it. Throw it on a t-shirt and wow all the ladies with it. Most importantly, change your circuit accordingly, and see what happens. Now, then...
* Make sure the 555 is also a CMOS type (TLC555 or 7555) to match the full 3-18V supply range of the 4017. If the car's regulator should fail, the Vcc can see up to 16-17V, and the standard 555 is only rated for 15. It also uses less power, and has a higher frequency capability.
* When calculating the bias resistors (4017-Darlington base), use the 15V level for the calculations. That'll give you the necessary "fudge factor".
* To calculate, find the load current (measure current draw), and divide by the Hfe (aka "Beta") to get the base current required for the load current. Make sure the transistor used can handle the current at that voltage. For example, we'll assume that each module pulls an amp at 12V, and we're using a TIP120:
Vce=60V, Vbe=5V, Ic=5A, Ib=120mA, Hfe=2500
Okay, the voltages and current are more than we're using, so this'll work. Now, to figure out the Rbias, we'll take 1A (1000mA), and divide by the Hfe (2500), to wind up with 0.4mA (400uA). For the 4017, that ain't squat. It also means we can use a fairly high value resistor to the base of the TIP120. Using 15V as our guide, let's see what a 1K would do:
15V/1000 = 0.015A (15mA).
That's about 37 times more base current than we really need, but still far less than the max current we can send it (120mA). We also should consider the limits of the 4017 output, and limit ourselves to about 4mA load. So, we can redo that a bit:
15V/.004A=3750R (and to double-check:)
.004A*2500Hfe=10A (plenty of base current!)
I'd just use a 3K9 or 3K3 and call it done. Either will have enough current to turn on the TIP120 without over taxing the 4017.
* Of course, DJohn does raise a few valid points: Is there a trigger pin on those modules that can be driven by the 4017 directly? That is, if each module is ready to go, just drive the /Enable pin low (or high), and skip the Darlingtons.
nop