I think your confusing max voltage (breakdown) with Vce during operation.
Breakdown voltage usually refers to the maximum voltage you can apply to the transistor before it is damaged. This mostly applies to when it is off as when it is on the voltage drop is low and any applied voltage will fall on the load mostly unless the transistor is part on. Think of it as a mechanical switch. If you apply a voltage to it when it's open through a load the full voltage falls across the switch and it needs to be rated for it. Once closed it's just a conductor so low resistance and all of the voltage falls to the load.