Manufacturers do this all the time, and you can look up the results on their web sites. You just need to go digging a bit, that's all.
It's impossible to generalise because the failure rate of any type of component depends on how it's being used - what voltage is across it, what's its ambient temperature and self-heating, how is it mechanically supported and mounted to the board, and so on. You can't just say that "1% of this type of component fail every 10 years", though there are mathematical models which try to predict the MTBF for a given part given some details of how it's being used.
Typically if I'm asked to assess the reliability of a product I start by looking at fans and other items with moving parts, then batteries, then capacitors being used in power supplies. If a product contains any of these items, then they're likely to govern the MTBF of the complete product, and the MTBF can be predicted with a reasonable degree of accuracy. If it doesn't, then the product is likely to last a great deal longer, and the uncertainty increasees enormously.
Often a product that's designed without 'unreliable' components will fail prematurely because of manufacturing problems (eg. bad soldering, thermal cycling), or because of some external influence which has caused it some type of stress that it can't handle - for example, ESD strikes when a cable is connected.