The LT3080 like most other voltage regulators normally controls the voltage. It is only if the current exceeds a certain limit (around 1.1 A for the LT3080) that the chip changes to current control. This similar to a lab supply - it is either the voltage or current control active to keep the output at the boundary of the set voltage or current. It is the load that decides which control is needed.
It is possible to build a voltage/current regulator from discrete parts. There are no magic parts inside that are essential. One may not be able to directly copy the circuit because of such odd parts like multi-emitter transistors and some parts like current mirrors don't work as good. However discrete resistors are generally better than on chip ones and one has larger caps available - so discrete circuits usually look different.
Simulation is possible anyway, if one gets the right models. Essentially all modern analog chips are simulated before making them from silicone.