Digikey or Mouser are both "real" distributors of a huge range of 1st-line quality components at pretty reasonable prices; call them "hobbyist neutral."
Adafruit and Sparkfun are "hobbyist friendly." In addition to parts, they have breakout boards and software help and stuff. You pay with higher prices (especially for breakout boards) and smaller selection.
Electronics Goldmine, All Electronics, and BG Micro are among my favorite "surplus" dealers; you can get some great deals on rather "generic" parts (when a "general purpose NPN switching transistor, approximately like a 2n4401" is good enough.) Good places to buy some of the stuff that is traditionally irrationally expensive when you buy brand-name components (like connectors or switches.) Dipmicro is somewhat similar, but in between the hobbyist-friendly and surplus categories.
Assorted components can be ordered direct from China, via eBay or some other "storefronts." A bit "sketchy" in several ways, but ... really cheap.