Oh man. Just looking at that datasheet now.
It was probably written by a competent digital engineer.
By "competent", I mean one that does nothing but digital design.
Just searching on "diode" turns up only six results, all of them about input conditioning -- and of those, the methods shown are inconsistent with the text, pictures, and device ratings!
Not one of ADI's most stellar products.
They've made lemons before. They're rare, but you must always be on the lookout for them.
This looks more like a documentation failure, than necessarily anything faulty in the design of the chip.
Yeah. For the 4-wire configuration pictured, THE DIODE DOES NOTHING, can not possibly do anything, is not needed, and can be removed. There is no discussion about the diode in the subsequent figures either (Fig. >17). For those cases, they do show an external switch, for which the diode may be helpful.
DO make sure there's a 0.1uF ceramic and/or 10uF electrolytic, or more, somewhere between +V and GND, near the connector.
HTH,
Tim