There are some resistors and capacitors on the back near the optical isolator. By adjusting those, you can make the power supply change the output voltage slightly.
However, it don't think it would be safe to lower the voltage to 5v, it's a bit of a stretch. It would probably be safe to do about 9-14v.
smk0760 is a simple mosfet, mbrf20100ct is a common cathode schottky power rectifier 20a maximum, 100v maximum (a bit oversized for this adapter but it's a good thing). Nothing you can adjust.