With your limited program ability, you might want to work on this part first.
If you were to get a Raspberry PI you could work on your software knowledge &
Their is a very simple software interface from the Raspberry PI to One-Wire. The actually communications to/from One-Wire is all written. Your software would be working with files & folders. In addition you could have access to many software languages.
The One-wire has a 64 bit ID
One way is to translate to something you might understand.
Convert this to a directory tree
Think of the ROM_Scan function telling you of existence of two possible folders in a path.
Rom_Scan starts from the LSB and works to MSB
So reading the first 8-bits gives you the family code.
18B20 has family code of 28H which is 0b101000
With only some 18B20's on bus, if you convert to a windows path you get a path starting with
"0\0\0\1\0\1\0\0"
When Rom_Scan checks first bit you get
0 bit exists = a folder with folder_name = "0" exists
1 bit does not exist = a folder with folder_name = "1" does not exists
when checking the 4'th bit you get 1 exists No 0
After first 8 you start reading the serial number and the CRC.
Now if you had something else with a different family code in addition to 18B20's, one or more of those bit answers would have
0 exists & 1 exists
Any time you get this both exists, you need to remember one path and keep searching other path.
Now if you drop the FLOWCODE
You could just use a ESP32
This will give you a lot of simple options.
You could have a WIFI Web page for 18b20's and more
You could still have serial connection
You could still have CAN
Do a YouTube search of
"esp32 arduino 18b20"
There are a huge number of results.
And some are specific to having many 18B20 temperature sensors
Starting from low end micro-controller can be much harder then starting from HIGH that you can modify to make it match what you want.