Right now I am leaning toward using a CD4510 BCD counter as damo suggested. I have a couple questions about the datasheet:
As I press the button multiple times, I am thinking the outputs 00s-04 will sequentially go from low to high.
OK I would check out some info on cmos logic ic's (ie search 4000 series) for operating conditions etc if i were you.
Also is your switch 'source' a clean debounced transition ??. (lookup switch debounce circuits).
Heres a chance to do some breadboarding and have some fun actually learning about digital logic, and then maybe move onto a 'simple' micro solution if you must.