The resolution of your printer is too low for printing a such long (large?) barcode!
Maybe you can create your barcode in graphic mode and send it to the printer through longitudinal printing (no limits in length)
Please take care that it will be rather difficult reading your 75chars CODE128 code with a standard reader: your code will be about 4 times larger than the 14chars one!!!
Otherwise, study how 2D codes work and develop a routine to graphically create them and how to dump them on the printer.
You can also set the command 'GW w n' (
https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/datasheets/CSN-A2+User+Manual.pdf page 43) to '2' instead of '3' like in the library:
https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit-Thermal-Printer-Library/blob/master/Adafruit_Thermal.cpp at line 258
Maybe you have to modify also the constant 'CODE128', but it depends on the version of the printer firmware: maybe this is the reason you can't print more than 14 chars barcode. See the manual and the .h file.