I have a 9V 2A transformer, i hooked it up to my 12v 34mA fan. my question will than only draw the 34mA and leave me with 1.966A?
Another way to explain this is -
P=VxI so the transformer can supply 18VA of Energy (AC). If you add a bridge to make DC, you still have the SAME ENERGY available,
(- the diode loss of the bridge, which we'll ignore for now) BUT VDC= 1.4X VAC and IDC = IDC / 1.4 (again, forget losses for now)
So for simplicity, you have 18VA (or WATTS) of power available.
The fan draws 9VDC x 0.04A = 0.35W (close enough), which leaves you with 17.65W available BEFORE the Transformer OUTPUT starts
to drop, and heat up. You CAN do this with just AMPS, as the others have suggested, both methods are fine.
SOMETIMES, it is easier to visualise what you have available using POWER. You need to be fluent with the primary relationships -
V=IR, P=VI and the variations, you'll use these ALL the time !!