The connector on the dock isn't really waterproof in the sense of being meant to work in wet conditions. Assuming the groove on the perimeter is for sealing the case, one if the pins probably senses the dock and enables the other interfaces to prevent any corrosion from dc bias and prevent shorts. The connector is going to be semi custom (off the shelf spring pins and contacts overmolded in a custom plastic housing) so finding an off the shelf mating connector won't happen.
If a laptop is really the only option ( thinking raspberry pi or Intel joule or some other single board computer in a watertight case) then you're going to have to hack up a dock and add at least an interfacial seal between the connectors. (Thin sheet of rubber, with holes cut for each pin, to provide isolation even when wet, and help exclude water)
As long as whatever software isn't tied specifically to that laptop, just about anything else would be easier to get a reliable solution IMO.