How to understand different architecture of FPGA or different company has different terms and terminology. How to understand different architecture?
This takes time and experience. It is part of what you attend college to start learning. You will get an introduction in your upcoming college courses and will learn much more over time as your embark on your career. You should expect that much of this is a mystery right now, that is normal when you are a student.
You will find that different companies don't have much difference in terms and terminology otherwise it would be very confusing for engineers who move from one company to another. Technical terms and terminology can be specific to a given industry, but within that industry they are shared.
Your first question: what is a process parameter? Well integrated circuits are manufactured using a manufacturing process. That manufacturing process has many detailed parameters that determine the properties of the products made. Others have given detailed examples.
Your second question: different architecture of FPGA and other IC's? Well, once you understand the processes used to manufacture them, you will find there are only certain ways to construct things. So the possible architecture is constrained by the process, which is why you learn about the processes first.