Open it up and check the transformer.... it may say on it what it's capable of.
Or build a constant current load (
http://www.sleepyrobot.com/?p=136 ) and slowly raise the current while checking the temperature of the transformer and the output voltage.
Yes, I was talking about capacitor after rectification.
If you use a 7812, if you want 12v out, you need to always give the regulator at least 13.5-14v. At low loads (0.15-0.5a) 1.5v over 12v would probably be enough.
So assuming you have a peak voltage of 15.5v and you want a minimum of 13.5v you have a ripple voltage of 2v (the difference, 15.5 - 13.5).
At 0.5A output, to have a minimum of 13.5v you'd need about C = current x duty / [ 2 x mains frequency x Vripple ] = 0.5a x 0.7 / ( 2 x 50hz x 2v ) = 0.35 / 200 = 0.00175F = 1750uF
So ideally, you'd use a 1800-2200uF.
But like I said, fans will run at various voltages, as low as 5-6v, they just won't spin as fast as at 12v. If the linear regulator won't have 1.5v or so over the 12v value, it would probably simply output less than 12v and your fan will still work but the speed will be lower (natural, less voltage is less speed)