ACF = anisotropic conductive film
NCF = non-conductive film
ACP = anisotropic conductive paste
NCP = non-conductive paste
The idea is that by sticking a layer of adhesive (film or paste) between the chip and the substrate, you can connect the chip's pads to wires in the substrate. But if the adhesive were conductive, it would conduct between the pads, which would be a short circuit. Anisotropic conductive materials only conduct along one axis (they are also called Z-axis conductive adhesives): they are nanomaterials that contain millions of short nickel fibers, aligned in a strong magnetic field. The fibers conduct across the thin part of the adhesive but not along the wide part. The non-conductive adhesives are applied using pressure so that the pads on the chip make point contact with the wires in the substrate.