The older Fuji CP-6's that I run have a pair of big vane style vacuum pumps in an external box. One for holding parts onto the nozzles and the other pump to drag away the carrier tape clippings. I'm told that some facilities have/had much larger central vacuum pumps that ran multiple machines. You are correct that they are very loud. The CP6's have a 20 spindle rotary turret head, and run about 20,000 cph.
The Fuji IP3's and Universal Genesis machines I work on both use the compressed air supply running through venturi pumps to generate the vacuum.