...and on a major Chinese distributor website the entire EFM8 line is nowhere to be seen.
Aren't you just building a one-off product? I can drop a few EFM8UB11s in an envelop and mail them to you. Seriously, no big deal.
... and an STC 8051 chip (that can be reset by CH340T upon USB reenumeration.)
What do you need the CH340T for? Doesn't the STC8 have a USB interface? Or is that only for programming? The STC8 only has a Chinese datasheet, so I'm sort of in the dark. Can you read Chinese? Wasn't sure if you were an expatriate or a local native
Actually, now that I think about it, since you're in China, maybe look at some of the semiconductors originating in the Chinese/Taiwanese markets? Check out the
Holtek HT66FB542? 24-pin SSOP package (just make sure to get the proper OCD version for development). I've had good luck buying Holtek stuff on Taobao, but I'm sure you can find it locally, too, as they have good China distribution — at least in Shenzhen (no clue about Shanghai, though). A lot of the Chinese/Taiwanese chips I've used with USB are pretty special-purpose (like for web cams, or whatever), but there should be some general-purpose stuff out there.
Do you have access to Microchip parts? Obviously the PIC16F1454 is a classic choice. I've used that part in a ton of designs.
Otherwise, the STM32F042F4 is a safe bet, and you should be able to buy that just about everywhere (I bet they even have Mars distributors). I'd really look for something with an integrated LDO, though.
Also, as I said, my offer to send you a
Treehopper or two is still on the table
. If anything else, you could use it as an EFM8 dev board.