I don't have high hopes for this but perhaps it can still be revived.
I have a laptop/convertible Atom thingie which has worked pretty flawlessly until recently. Now the usb port does not recognize (negotiate) any device, but it provides power to the port. I think last time I tried to plug something into the USB it was a DigiStump Arduino thing which might've had the data lines connected to something (5V or perhaps even 12V or ground). The tablet stopped seeing it but I could program it with my larger laptop, so not sure what went wrong there.
The internal USB still works, the detachable keyboard and touchpad work through it but it's based on 3.3V, probably with some SPI to USB converter. So I can see a USB3.0 hub in device manager that is disconnected when the keyboard is detached.
The external micro-USB port is a 2.0. I get 5V on the power line and 0V (not floating, it seems) on the data lines. I could not detect any shorts.
Here are some pictures of the board and arrangement:
http://imgur.com/a/QgMIcI could possibly rule out a dead USB port if the internal port is working, but I'm not sure on that. I tested the SOT-23-3 devices in the vicinity of the port and could not find any shorts or breaks. I don't know if there are any fuses, the white components on the front side look to be caps (one pin goes to ground).
I'm not familiar with how USB ports are designed, perhaps someone can give a hint on what I can test and what the path for troubleshooting should be.
EDIT: for clarification, this is not a software/driver issue. I've tried to boot off of a USB stick, tried various peripherals, tried to use a powered usb hub. It just looks like the data lines are not doing anything but 5V is fine. For reference, the charging port on the tablet takes 5V.