Just a quick update.
Everything seems to be fine!
I did get a new PS, an EVGA430W 80Plus. That was not the cheapest PS this time!
I did clone the disk right away, the clone works fine too. I took out that drive, it is not in the computer.
I will be backing up onto an external WD Passport drive. Hopefully this time I will be doing it more diligently than before.
I left the rescued disk in the computer, I plan to use that one regularly and keep the cloned one. So far so good!
I did get SMD ZTVS diodes, did measure the one that I put in, it works as a 6.5V Zener, so it is the right one.
Here is a picture of the new ZTVS diode together with the old one, it looks a lot more substantial than the one originally installed.
Nothing else got damaged in the computer, both DVD and CD drives/burners works fine.
Still puzzled why only the HDs got damaged. Only thing I can think of that the HDs did not have any electrolytic caps on the power lines! Obviosly that ZTVS diode with the 0 Ohm resistor did not work as overvoltage protection for the transient that I had. Unfortunately I do not know what kind of transient was that killed those drives.
I will also repair the old PS, but so far have not had time.
Again many thanks for all who helped with their valuable suggestions and comments!
Thanks, Peter