My biggest beef with amateur radio is how difficult it is sometimes to understand even the most basic concepts. I'm going through the ARRL Basic Radio book, and it starts off with a very simple crystal radio design, with a strong encouragement to actually build it. All well and good--except the book doesn't explain much at all of the circuit itself. I've included an equivalent schematic drawing for reference.
Here's what I've been able to figure out: the 230 uH inductor paired with the 365 pF variable capacitor tunes the radio to roughly the AM broadcast band. I'm assuming the Q must be pretty low in this circuit because the text implies (and you actually hear when you build it) that you pick up all the radio stations available to you at once. The diode of course detects the AM signal, while the 0.01 uF capacitor paired with the hi-z headphones act as a low-pass filter. The 1 uF cap removes any DC offset for the headphones. On the other end, the 30 turn inductor couples the antenna to the receiver.
That leaves one thing I don't understand--what is the purpose of the variable inductor between the antenna and the receiver? The only guess I have is that it somehow provides a load to the coupling transformer, but why does it need to be an inductive load? Is there some frequency filtering purpose so that only a band portion is coupled to the receiver to begin with?
I've been trying for ages to figure this out--google has been of very little help, because any google search on crystal radios will give you myriad circuit examples, all of which are different. I'm hoping that if I can understand one, then I can start looking at others to try and understand what significance the different designs have compared to each other and why you might choose one over another.