A number of telephone (PSTN) interconnects via VHF marine radio (Telstra operated them in Australia under the Seaphone brand which services were discontinued over 10 years ago) make use of a unique ID programmed in the VHF marine radio transceiver (or its microphone), and there is a possibility that this transmitted ID can be captured for replay attacks resulting in false billing.
Another more likely possibility is that someone might capture someone's callsign and name and use it.
Do you know of any instances where this fraud (especially the electronic ID) has occured?