As a tech who repairs thermal cameras I can say that decent quality cameras such as the Keysight (NEC AVIO) are very reliable. You would be really unlucky to suffer a failure. Damage due to dropping is the most common cause of failure and not normaly covered by a warranty.
In terms of camera design and what can fail, the microbolometer is a precision and relatively fragile sensor. It can suffer pixel failures in normal use but this is corrected via a full calibration. Dropping a camera is never a good idea but the microbolometer is capable of being damaged by severe impact. The video processing circuits are normally modern VVLSI high performance and reliable surface mount technology and not normally highly stressed. The Display technology is standard LCD with associated high reliability. The power supply is standard modern dc-dc converter and LDO based. The power supply is a point if failure in any modern electronics, and the thermal camera is not immune to power supply related failures due to heat stress or just operational fatigue. Thankfully power supply circuits tend to be one of the more easily repaired areas of a camera.
Where any extended warranty is offered or desitpred, it us very important to check exactly what us covered and any requirement for annual inspections. Many extended warranties will not cover fair wear and tear. Such includes all case parts, microbolometer pixel failures, battery failure and failures of I/O connectors due to abuse. If annual inspection is stated, the product is checked for faults and any calibration that is needed completed to correct failed pixels or NUC drift due to ageing.
Modern thermal cameras are not that complicated when compared to other modern electronics. It is the sensor module and firmware that is sophisticated.
Fraser