Your via thermals are defined in the design rules, under Plane > Polycon Connect Style. You will need to add a new rule in that section that defines all GND vias as having a direct connect style to polygons (i.e. your GND polygon flood)
Your first object query in the rule will likely be...
IsVia AND InNet('GND')
Leave the second object query as "All", and change the connect style at the bottom to 'direct connect'. If you have any other polygon connect rules, you may wish to increase the via connect rule to priority number 1. Once you have that rule added, repour your polygons and the thermals should be gone on the vias. Be aware that you probably don't need the "AND InNet('GND')" portion in the first query. Applying the direct connect style to all vias in any net will probably work ok for your board. This rule only applys to polygon connections and not the general track connections to vias.
If you have any internal GND plane layers, you may want to verify that the plane connect style is set to 'direct connect' as well. (Look under Plane > Power Plane Connect Style). You likely already have a general "All" plane connect style set as direct connect, but you should verify it.
For the second question about silk size, just select all silk text using the PCB filter "IsDesignator". Then while all the designators are selected, use the PCB Inspector to adjust the Text Height and Text Width accordingly. Your changes will be applied to all the silkscreen objects selected.
Edit: added plane connect style info as well.