Hi,
First, when you compile the project, you should have no errors and if possible, no warnings.
Secondly, when you do the schematic transfer to PCB, you should have no differences.
Third, the Design Rule Check should give no rule violations.
Regarding the error in your Gerbers, I suspect that it had to do with the DXF file that you imported on Mechanical 1 layer in order to create the board shape. The DXF file should be compatible with Altium (needs to be a close shape, the outline should not be duplicated and so on).
But it also may be the way you exported the Gerber files (if imperial units are used, it should be 2:3, type absolute, leading zeros suppression).
There is something weird with the PCB file as the artwork is not in the center when the PCB file is opened.
I would create a new board and copy paste the original artwork by selecting only within the limits of the board shape. Then deal with whatever errors /rule violations will appear (you will need to recreate the rules) and make sure that the schematic and the PCB are in sync.
Best,
Marius