What you want is to use a "Company" or "House" part number in your BOMs and for stocking parts.
This requires a database/system that takes the company part number and maps it to something you can order.
The beauty of this is that you can create a company part number for a 1k-ohm 0402 1% resistor and engineering doesn't have to worry about exactly what is being bought this week. Someone has to approve the real parts that are attached to the house part number, but you do that irregularly, like when you create the part number or if you need to substitute.
So for example part number R-1000-4k75. The R means "resistor" mainly because we like things to be obvious. 4k75 means "4700 ohms." The 1000 in the middle means "family of parts that vary in only one parameter." The value is how they vary. Everything else: tolerance, case size, power handling, all of it, must be the same for every part in the family.
There are many ways to do this.