There are many, many, many ways a function generator can be use to help test a circuit. A flexible function generator is a very valuable part of an electronics bench, next to a scope, power supply and DMM. Here are just a few examples from my channel:
A pair of videos on the Gilbert Cell (all input signals are coming from my function generator):
A video discussing crossover distortion in a LM358 op amp, using a function generator as the input signal:
A video discussing the Miller Effect and Cascode amplifiers, using the function generator to sweep the input frequency:
Using a function generator to provide a pulse to test the reverse recovery time of a diode:
You get the idea - just about anytime I need a signal to inject into a circuit, I use the function generator... Dozens more examples on my channel.