LT1006 seems to have better performance than the INA188 and the price is similar.
The LT1006 is a single version of the LT1013/LT1014 which are precision versions of the LM324/LM358. Basically what is called for here is a precision single supply operational amplifier, but see below.
As for the application note schematic - some modifications will be needed. First the excitation current - could 1 mA cause self-heating on a Pt100 sensor? I would like to use the maximum possible current so that noise has less affect on the input.
Raising the excitation by 10 times for a sensor which is 1/10th the resistance will result in the same self heating in the sensor. If the lower resistance sensor is smaller however, then it will have a higher thermal resistance so greater temperature rise.
Any precision current source can be used to replace the LM334 circuit. The 1N457 is used for temperature compensation of the LM334, and is a high conductance low leakage diode. I would use a 2N3904 or similar base-emitter junction in place of the 1N457. Do not use a switching diode like a 1N914 or 1N4148.
The bridge resistance going into the operational amplifier is about 500 ohms, so a low noise operational amplifier can be used. This could be a good application for a low noise chopper stabilized operational amplifier.
What I would do is work backwards from the noise of the operational amplifier and resistors to figure out what the minimum excitation should be. Roughly, LT1006 noise here is about 0.55uVpp at its input, so with a gain of 92, output noise is about 50 uVpp. Resolution is 10 mV/C, so peak-to-peak noise is about 0.005 degrees C, or just under your 0.01C resolution requirement. So using a 100 ohm RTD will indeed require increasing the current excitation by 10 times to maintain your noise free resolution.
A lower noise operational amplifier could replace the LT1006 and considerably relax the excitation requirements. The LT1007 is 0.06uVpp so could use the 100 ohm RTD without raising the excitation current and produce the same output noise. This would have the advantage of lower self heating. There are some even lower noise parts which are suitable.
Also i would like to be able to measure negative temperatures. Is that going to be possible with the positive feedback resistor?
This particular design is intended for single supply operation, however this only allows the output to indicate down to 2C as shown. If a dual supply is used, then it will go below 0C and a normal operational amplifier can be used, like a cheap OP-07.
I selected this design over many others because it only requires two point calibration. Most linearized designs require three point calibration which requires a good reference thermometer or a triple point cell.