Infrared receiver.
These usually have the receiver itself, and also a filter for a certain carrier frequency. Usually its between 38KHz to 40KHz
It’s more than that. Not only a filter for a given carrier frequency, but one optimized for the combination of carrier frequency
and a particular signaling protocol
and for specific noise environments. (Like how Bluetooth and Wi-Fi actually induce interference in older IR receivers; modern ones are expressly designed to deal with this.)
For example, 38kHz is commonly used with the NEC protocol, but is sometimes used with others, and those may benefit from different optimizations.
See the attached PDF from Vishay, which is the leading IR receiver manufacturer (original URL:
https://www.vishay.com/docs/80071/dataform.pdf )
Also, 56kHz is another very common carrier frequency, especially in European devices.