I'm not sure what you mean by pcb board.
Do you mean, say, looking for drivers for an old PC card?
Were you perhaps instead speaking of parts themselves, like looking up chips or transistors?
I've done a lot of both salvaging stuff, and both are trial and error. It's something experience helps with, you start to remember particular combinations of letters and numbers.
Could you give a few examples of what you mean, or maybe if you've got something specific in mind?