I've worked, 40 years ago, on an accelerator. That line-up was to have a particle beam, of electrons, in a vacuum. The claim, which may have been to disguise the project, claim was to hit a target, which would originate radiation when struck.
Supposedly to 'irradiate' food, for sterilization. Now, I suspect it was really for developing a particle beam...weapon...?
It had hand-wound inductors and a 5 kv supply, along with spark gap switches.