Yes, ISO 7637 automotive transients to be precise. Among others.
If you can't afford time at a testing lab (\$$$$), you can look up the standard ($$$, or maybe you'll get lucky finding an unsecured copy online, or you can look up bits and pieces referenced by appnotes) and design around it at least, and maybe design a few tests to approximate or reproduce it.
The impulse tests are most relevant to your question, i guess; they are usually modest (100s volts) and so could be easily generated with a capacitor discharge circuit and coupling network.
The full standard is quite picky, including some seemingly stupid tests, like cutting power to the EUT and verifying it operates afterwards. Well, the only thing I can think about that is: why is such a stupid test there? Someone, somewhere in history, must've designed a device so idiotically, that it damaged itself when powered down. Who knows...
The other thing to keep in mind is: if you're designing for OEM, your product is likely to be made in the millions. A one-in-a-million failure (which is pretty damn good, pushing six sigmas) still means tens or hundreds of failed parts, angry calls from customers / service techs, maybe even recalls. For the most part, OEMs deliver mind boggling quality, with dozens (hundreds?) of systems working together reliably over the life of the vehicle (a decade or so, and often longer).
But on the other hand -- if you're only making one-offs, it's probably no big deal to fix or replace it when it fails, and if that gets annoying, consider adding some protection. Or if you're selling thousands, fast transients (including ESD) would be a good idea, but the very rare events (like jump start or load dump), your products might never even see.
Tim