Author Topic: How does one go about soldering surface mount stuff, it's just so tiny!  (Read 12736 times)

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Offline Red SquirrelTopic starter

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I overestimated my abilities when buying misc components to play with such as ADCs, lot of them are only available in surface mount.

Figured I would use protoboard and PC pins to basically convert them to DIP but looking at the size of these chips, some are smaller than the actual width of the soldering iron.  How does one go about soldering stuff that is this small?  :o   I have a feeling a lot of the stuff I bought is simply unusable for me.  I don't have the proper setup to make my own boards nor is it worthwhile to CAD and get them made by a company given I don't plan to mass produce anything.  Is there some kind of way I might be missing that this stuff can be soldered to something so that it can be put in a bread board?  Even if I did get some kind of break out board made it's still simply too small to solder by hand.  The blobs of solder created by initial melt is bigger then the entire chip.   Here's an example just to get an idea: https://www.digikey.ca/product-detail/en/maxim-integrated/MAX11644EUA-/MAX11644EUA--ND/2349322

Some are even smaller. I really did not think this through when ordering parts to play with.  :palm:
 

Offline Monkeh

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It's a TSSOP, that's huge!

Get a smaller tip for your iron.
 

Online mariush

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Get liquid flux , use generously.  Tin the pads before if needed, then put flux over the tin again.

Get some narrow tip or a tip with a small hole at the top, see the picture and example of soldering at this page : https://www.hakko.com/english/tip_selection/work_drag.html - but this works if you have liquid flux to flux the IC leads and the pcb pads before, because when you put solder in that hole in the tip you're burning the flux built inside the solder wire.


 

Offline alank2

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For me:

Flux pen:
http://www.digikey.com/product-search/en/soldering-desoldering-rework-products/flux-flux-remover/1311241?k=zx%20flux

WES51 with ETP tip
Solder .031 for bigger stuff, .015 for smaller stuff
Amscope Stereo Microscope
Silicone pad to keep it from sliding around

The .015 doesn't self flux nearly as well as the .031 - I tend to lay the .015 on the pin and bring the iron down onto it - that along with the 2331-zx flux wets it to the pins/pads nicely.

Many people talk about a larger tip and using the flux in a drag type solder technique, and that does work, but for me I prefer to deal with each pin individually and it is more than doable with the ETP pin.
 

Online tautech

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Offline Mechatrommer

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« Last Edit: May 12, 2016, 03:13:08 am by Mechatrommer »
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Offline rstofer

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EEVBlog has a video about soldering SMDs
As stated above, flux is the answer no matter the question.
Google for drag soldering

If you're going to do a bunch of this kind of thing, search around for projects that convert a Toaster Oven to a Reflow Oven.  I have one I made from a Black & Decker Toaster Oven.  For this, you can either buy stencils with your PCBs  and put just exactly the right amount of solder paste on the pads or, like I do, just dab some solder paste from a syringe.  Place the parts and cook until done.

This is the controller I used:
http://www.rocketscream.com/shop/reflow-oven-controller-shield-arduino-compatible

If you want to convert an oven, consider buying high temp insulating material  (fiber material sheets) from McMaster-Carr and filling the cavity between the inner and outer walls.   It will help the oven heat up.
 

Offline BravoV

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What ever videos or instructions you've watched or read, I still believe as the olde say "practice makes perfect" ...

Assuming you already have a decent soldering iron with suitable sized tip, flux, solder etc.

Find unused boards like pc mobo or others that have smd parts, even better it has similar sized component that you're going to solder.

If the board is big one like pc mobo, cut them into small size as big area and the layers copper (big chunk ground layer) will suck the heat from the soldering tip so fast that make its much harder, it will feel like forever to melt the solder.

Now, try desolder them, 1st time will be messy, and if you succeeded without lifting any pads, then clean the pads using desoldering braid and flux, once thoroughly cleaned, solder that chip back again. And repeat until you feel enough. Also start at other smaller or challenging sized chip once you already get used to that 1st one.  >:D

I've been aiding, helping and sort of training my friends on these, most of the times after they've spent say like 2 or 3 hours with various sizes chips, and so far they never failed on soldering a new chip once they practiced with various chips. A stop watch running how long it takes to solder also will help to improve the speed as too long will affect the chip.

Of course don't do the BGA type, that is another beast that needs hot air gun and preheater, just the simple dual row ones with protruded pins.

My two cents.

Online JPortici

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desoldering braid (with flux) is your best friend
 

Offline mikerj

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I've been replacing 0201 caps and resistors and UCSP packaged op-amps over the last couple of days...that requires a steady hand.  No coffee for me :(
 

Online tautech

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desoldering braid (with flux) is your best friend
Not mine, never found the need to use either for SMD work....but each to their own methodology.  ;)

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Offline KL27x

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Soldering wire has flux in it. You feed it into the joint, and the flux moves out and pools around the joint, keeping the solder mobile.

For SMD, you need to hold the part while soldering it, so you would need 3 hands to hold the part down, apply the iron, and feed the solderwire. This is why flux.

After adding the flux to the pcb, all you need to do is clean the tip of your iron and apply just a wee bit of solder to the tip. Then when you touch it to the pins, it will flow. If you applied too much solder, you can use solder braid to remove the excess.

The more you do it, the less use you might have for solder wick. Some iron tips will work a lot better for SMD than others, to the point where you can remove excess solder with just the iron quicker and easier than wicking it. And there is a lot of personal preference. But a roll of solderwick is like 3 bucks for 5 feet, and it works very well for prototyping level of soldering, and it will correct bridges made with any tip. I have used up 4-5 pounds of solder in my life, and I'm only halfway through my first 5 foot bobbin of wick. You might as well buy a roll and keep it around. Because when you need solderwick, you need solderwick.

Dead bug can be done with SSOP 0.05" pitch, too. 30AWG, silver plated kynar wrapping wire will be your friend, here. For point to point, you will want a fine tip. You can't drag solder jumper wires, cuz they will fall off. :)
« Last Edit: May 12, 2016, 07:37:58 am by KL27x »
 

Offline Mechatrommer

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desoldering braid (with flux) is your best friend
Not mine, never found the need to use either for SMD work....but each to their own methodology.  ;)
as the name stated.. its for "desoldering" ie removing things out, and removing extra blob of solder that should not be there. expert who just know the right amount wont need it, except for repair purpose. btw, a sharp or special tip iron like in the video is not a necessity, i always use my regular non-temp controlled blunted cone tip hakko presto to do the job, because its my favourite, availably cheap and thats what i'm already matched to. other people matched to the other tips so ymmv. the magic key and the only one, is the flux... you dont even need an iron, if you know how to and/or want to prove that you are superman...
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Offline Chris Wilson

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I had to replace 2 TINY surface mount fuses in a densely packed board. 1.6mm by 0.8mm. A soldering iron tip small enough to not swamp the component had nothing like the thermal mass to heat the board to flow point, and one that did, physically swamped the component... I managed it by soldering one of fuses on top of a blown one. The other had more room around it and I managed to remove the old one and replace it with a conventionally mounted new one. How would a pro do such a replacement?

https://uk.rs-online.com/web/p/non-resettable-surface-mount-fuses/0131577/?searchTerm=131-577&relevancy-data=636F3D3126696E3D4931384E525353746F636B4E756D6265724D504E266C753D656E266D6D3D6D61746368616C6C26706D3D5E5C647B337D5B5C732D2F255C2E2C5D5C647B332C347D2426706F3D313426736E3D592673743D52535F53544F434B5F4E554D4245522677633D4E4F4E45267573743D3133312D353737267374613D3031333135373726
Best regards,

                 Chris Wilson.
 

Online tautech

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desoldering braid (with flux) is your best friend
Not mine, never found the need to use either for SMD work....but each to their own methodology.  ;)
as the name stated.. its for "desoldering" ie removing things out, and removing extra blob of solder that should not be there. expert who just know the right amount wont need it, except for repair purpose. btw, a sharp or special tip iron like in the video is not a necessity, i always use my regular non-temp controlled blunted cone tip hakko presto to do the job, because its my favourite, availably cheap and thats what i'm already matched to. other people matched to the other tips so ymmv. the magic key and the only one, is the flux... you dont even need an iron, if you know how to and/or want to prove that you are superman...
I hear you Mech and again I say I never use it.

Even for desoldering SMD passives, add additional leaded flux cored solder if/when needed and suck it off. Leaded solder is a must IMO to dilute that Pb free muck and make soldering a pleasure again.

How we each go about working with SMD is the interesting bit, there's no right or wrong for hobbyists, we just work with what we have until it doesn't work.  :rant:
Then we go buy what we need to progress further.  ;)

I haven't got anything flash, just a cheap rework station and a modest selection of tips, tweezers, a sucker and lots of leaded solder.
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Offline tszaboo

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I hand soldered TVS array like this:

It just takes good magnification, good tools, steady hand, lots of practice and increased FPM ("swear" per minute).
 

Online tautech

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I had to replace 2 TINY surface mount fuses in a densely packed board. 1.6mm by 0.8mm. A soldering iron tip small enough to not swamp the component had nothing like the thermal mass to heat the board to flow point, and one that did, physically swamped the component... I managed it by soldering one of fuses on top of a blown one. The other had more room around it and I managed to remove the old one and replace it with a conventionally mounted new one. How would a pro do such a replacement?

No pro......but either hot air or one of these that can get heat to both pads:
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Offline Red SquirrelTopic starter

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I had trouble finding many solder tip selections when I bought my Hakko so had to stick with one that it comes with, but did find lot of rip off ones off Amazon, just not official ones.  Are the rip offs worth while?  I know they're rip offs because there's like 10 in a package when 1 real tip is same price.   My solder is 0.8, suppose I can look at ordering a roll of smaller one.  Anything in particular I should look for? 

How do you get the chip to stay put, is there a glue I can use that won't melt at solder temps?   I suppose this would be easier if I had an actual circuit board but since I want to prototype and not actually get a board made I need a way to solder it to a perf board. I have solder paste as well if that might be easier.  Never worked with it before and don't have a reflow or toaster oven though.  Would heat gun work?  I can maybe look at hooking up my camera to HDMI with macro lens for magnification.  Though the slight video delay would make it a bit awkward I think.

As a side note, how do you stop the PC pin plastic from melting when soldering PC pin headers?  Figured I'd start by making the 8 pin board and half of the pins just sink through plastic from the solder heat.
 

Offline Chris Wilson

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I am curious as to how localised one get concentrate the "beam" from an IR soldering tool. Can they be focused on a single small SM component for soldering and de-soldering?
Best regards,

                 Chris Wilson.
 

Offline Monkeh

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As a side note, how do you stop the PC pin plastic from melting when soldering PC pin headers?  Figured I'd start by making the 8 pin board and half of the pins just sink through plastic from the solder heat.

Work faster or use a lower temperature. Don't solder pins in a row, work your way around to spread the heat.
 

Offline tggzzz

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Figured I would use protoboard and PC pins to basically convert [SMD] to DIP but looking at the size of these chips, some are smaller than the actual width of the soldering iron.  How does one go about soldering stuff that is this small? 

First, don't panic.

There are many many guides on the web. Mine is at https://entertaininghacks.wordpress.com/2015/03/25/assembling-pcbs-with-surface-mount-components/ and I suggest you might be interested in following the links.
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Offline Maxlor

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My solder is 0.8, suppose I can look at ordering a roll of smaller one.  Anything in particular I should look for? 
Personally I favor 0.5mm and thinner for smd work. The thicker solder wire can be made to work, but you'll have to transfer it with the solder iron tip, which means the flux in the solder will be gone by the time it gets to the part, hence other posters recomendation to rely on manual flux application. I've seen people literally bathe parts in flux with good results, so there's really no amount that's too much.

How do you get the chip to stay put, is there a glue I can use that won't melt at solder temps?  I suppose this would be easier if I had an actual circuit board but since I want to prototype and not actually get a board made I need a way to solder it to a perf board. I have solder paste as well if that might be easier.  Never worked with it before and don't have a reflow or toaster oven though.  Would heat gun work?  I can maybe look at hooking up my camera to HDMI with macro lens for magnification.  Though the slight video delay would make it a bit awkward I think.
Solder a corner pin (it doesn't matter if you get bridged pins), then a pin on the opposite side. Solder the rest of the pins, then at the end clean up the bridges that might have occurred at the beginning by draging the iron tip along the pins, from the inside to the outside. If that doesn't work, use a bit of solder wick (if you don't have any, create some yourself by dousing some stranded wire with flux) to remove the excess solder.

Heat guns and the like are a bad idea because they're very imprecise and can very easily overheat a part and damage it (and you have no way reliably knowing that it even happened), and the air flow can blow away small parts. They kinda work for desoldering parts when you're going to throw the parts away anyhow.

Solder paste I find only useful for reflow soldering, not hand soldering.

Some people find magnification helps, but since I'm short sighted anyway, I usually just replace my glasses with (uncorrected) safety glasses and enjoy the natural magnification effect ;) If I can't do that because I chose to wear contacts that day, I found loupe lamps quite nice, since they magnify and give you good lighting at the same time. Plus, they're a lot cheaper than useful electronic setup.

As a side note, how do you stop the PC pin plastic from melting when soldering PC pin headers?  Figured I'd start by making the 8 pin board and half of the pins just sink through plastic from the solder heat.
First realize that not all plastic is equal, some will melt at 150°C (for a famous example, see Dave's plasma repair attempt), and other plastic is designed to withstand the 260°C reflow temperature profile. If you they're more frustrating than useful, throw away the cheap ebay special headers and buy brand name ones from mouser or wherever that come with a datasheet that says they'll withstand higher temperatures. In any case, when hand soldering, it comes down to being reasonably quick and not using a higher iron temperature than necessary. It helps slightly if you put something on the header that acts as a heatsink, like a socket or aligator clip, if your iron can deliver the heatflow.
« Last Edit: May 12, 2016, 01:07:14 pm by Maxlor »
 

Offline Maxlor

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I am curious as to how localised one get concentrate the "beam" from an IR soldering tool. Can they be focused on a single small SM component for soldering and de-soldering?
Haven't tried it, but it seems unlikely to produce good results. Different surface textures will cause uneven heating; in particular the blackish package will pick up a lot of heat (and you usually want to avoid that) while the blank metal pins that you're actually trying to heat up will reflect most of it. Aside from that, the working temperature will be hard to control and maintain consistently.
 

Offline xrunner

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Offline alank2

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How do you get the chip to stay put, is there a glue I can use that won't melt at solder temps?

I forgot this in my earlier post - I use the hook part of it to apply downward pressure on a part while I solder a couple of pins.  Then I pull it away and use the flux pen carefully on the remaining pins before soldering them.

http://www.harborfreight.com/spring-hook-95757.html

I taped some lead bullets I had laying around (not a complete cartridge, just the bullet part, nearly all lead) to the shaft to give it a little more weight.
 


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