Note that the "ground" symbol here is not the chassis, but the negative terminal of the DC plate supply.
I don't quite understand this part. All of the parts that show in the schematic going to this ground symbol are actually soldered to the chassis directly. What is the difference between ground and "negative terminal of the DC plate supply"? Sorry if that question is extremely basic.
- Wil
Normally, with "AC-DC" transformerless series-string heater radio sets, the "negative terminal of the DC plate supply" is not connected directly to the chassis, but through a resistor and capacitor in parallel. Otherwise, the chassis could be "hot" depending on the orientation of the two-prong AC line plug. There was a UL limit of AC current to the chassis, which was satisfied by the choice of capacitor and resistor (typically 220 k\$\Omega\$ in parallel with 100 nF).
The negative terminal is connected to one side of the AC line, probably through the power switch.
Either yours is "pre-code", or a modification was made. A 1937 specification was 5 mA maximum current to the chassis.