You guys are right.
It is not possible for this topology to work.
I've made this board too, where the voltages on the data pins can be manually adjusted with the two trimpots.
If the voltages are adjusted while the mobile phone is already connected, it won't start drawing more current. It has to be disconnected and reconnected again.
So even if the IC is setting the voltages correctly, it has no way to disconnect power to the phone, therefore it can never work.
Why, exactly, are you bothering with a chip when all it's doing for you is putting a resistor across the data pair?
This IC is also trying several combinations of voltages on the D+ and D- pins.