Looks like an old hp design. 70000 series main computer board ?
The signatures are used for debugging the system. You need a model 5004 5005 or 5006 signature multimeter to do this.
This si a machine that you connect to three points on the board. Typically a trigger point, a clock point and a start stop signal.
The system that needs testing is put in a special mode. They let the cpu cycle NOP operations.
The testprobe is then poked at various points. The signature multimeter looks at the pattern flying by and they record 16 samples that are then decoded to a hex number.
If there is any problem in the system the pattern will change. So thats how you troubleshoot these things.
A very helpful piece of equipment. I have one and it has helped me raise at least 4 machines from the dead...