thinkpads have a 3 connector jack. there's a programing resistor there that the laptop senses.
research that, first.
Umm, no, they really don;t use a resistor to 'program' anything.
What they do have is an electronic ID chip that's connected to the central 'needle' pin in the barrel connector.
The system communicates with that chip to identify the charger type and allow the BIOS to verify the charger capabilities and that it's a genuine part.
For once Apple were behind the curve when it comes to ripping off customers as that scheme has been used for years by Dell, HP, Lenovo and no doubt others too.