Yes. If you short a large capacitor the high transient current can even vaporise what you shorted it with or its terminals or internal connections. However, as Arthur just pointed out, discharging a capacitor can be done without shorting it - just use a suitable wirewound resistor that can handle the peak power. As a rule of thumb, the peak wattage (from V2/R) shouldn't exceed 10x the resistor's continuous rating.
A 22uF 100V cap only stores 0.11 Joules of energy when fully charged. Discharging it by shorting it directly across its pins ONCE is unlikely to damage it. Repeated shorts when fully charged, or shorting a larger or higher voltage cap with more stored energy would not be advisable.