That circuit should work with any kind of 'HC14 or 'HC04 (CMOS) chip.
A "normal" LS or Standard TTL will pull up its input (on its own), even though there's a 10k resistor to ground. So the output will be stuck low. An LS14 (or Standard '14) might be somewhat different regarding its input structure, so then the 10k is enough to pull the input down.
A Standard or LS TTL input does source current from +5V, so the "open" state is "high". You'd need a rather low resistor (< 1k) to pull such an input low. The Schmitt-Trigger inputs of the '14 apparently are different, one would have to look up the datasheet.
Modern chips ('HC basically all CMOS logic) behave different, they don't sink or source current from their inputs, so an open CMOS input is "undefined" and you must use a pull-up or pull-down (10k ... 47k ballpark).