Short answer: no.
Long answer: The DC brushless requires some kind of position feedback to the driver - can be sensorless. A typical VFD for induction motors doesn't have position feedback, just outputs a ramping up and down frequency with the amplitude (voltage) proportional to the frequency (U/F mode).
If one fiddles with these settings (ramp speed, full speed voltage/frequency and voltage raising with frequency) it might be achieveable to get the motor running - but it won't be reliable. E.g. at a different mechanical load, the ramp speed won't match the different needs of the motor then, the motor will loose sync to the frequency and cease to create torque (in German this is called "kippen", don't know the English term) and stall in turn. Typically this causes the VFD to stop due to overcurrent, but if the VFD isn't matched to the motor size, it'll continue to push power into the stalled motor which will cause the motor to burn.
So you'd better use a dedicated BL DC motor controller.