The way you 'imagine' to use it won't work. Unless you have a third power supply higher than 24V and the 12V power supply can sink the load current.
Actually the case where the lower MOSFET conducts works. But for the upper MOSFET to conduct you need to supply VB with a higher voltage than VS is. The capacitor in the typical connection of the data sheet won't last long to keep the upper MOSFET conducting. If you had a voltage higher than 24V you could connect it directly to VB to keep the MOSFET conducting.
Typically this chip is used to change the current direction in a motor winding, and two chips are needed for that.
The dead time of IR2184 is 500ns, that is the time from shutting down one MOSFET to opening the other.