Hey,
I accidentally came across a category of products that actually use very small low power 7 segment digits: OTP Security Cards
These are usually credit-card style or actual credit-cards that integrate a small ePaper display to show OTP or other access tokens.
Examples can be found here:
https://www.smartdisplayer.com/productsThese manufacturers also implement custom OTP algorithms and different form factors.
I also came across a video of someone who made his own ePaper display (not the one linked few posts before, but pretty similar). It's really just creating the electrodes on a PCB and bonding a ePaper display foil on top. So I guess making your own or ordering small quantities of custom displays from china is not that expensive.
Btw: Something that wasn't mentioned in the Video at all is the fact that ePaper Displays take a long time to update. Do you somehow want to make sure that the display always updates correctly? You may need a buffer cap to ensure the update finishes in case the product is powered up for a second or less...