Well, if you like compound words, German is the language to learn. Then you get to use gems like the infamous Rindfleischetikettierungsüberwachungsaufgabenübertragungsgesetz ("law for the delegation of monitoring beef labelling"). Fortunately that particular law was repealed after the BSE crisis ...
Finnish allows conjugated compounds, which theoretically have no limit to length (and basically resemble entire sentences)!! WP lists this artificial word at 102 letters:
kumarreksituteskenteleentuvaisehkollaismaisekkuudellisenneskenteluttelemattomammuuksissansakaankopahan. Sadly, I have no idea what it means.
[linguist]
Languages have varying degrees of … shall we call it
word magnetism? On the one extreme of the continuum, you have so-called
analytic languages like Chinese where words do not compound. On the other, you have so-called
synthetic languages like Finnish, which allow essentially unlimited compounding. Most languages are somewhere in between. English is slightly on the analytic side, German (like most Germanic languages) more on the synthetic side.
Another thing to consider is that when we talk about compounds, we often are looking only at the surface spelling, not the underlying grammar. Critically, in English,
a compound need not be a single word. English has three types of compounds (with regards to spelling): open (space between the words, as in "wood rot"), hyphenated (as in "freeze-dried"), and closed (as in "artwork"). Notably, this has no bearing on the pronunciation, and indeed, many compounds are spelled inconsistently, and they often change over time. And if the pronunciation
does change, that is usually a sign that the compound has actually ceased to be a compound, and instead has become its own independent noun! (Classic example is
newspaper, which is no longer pronounced the same as the compound "news paper".)
In contrast, German doesn't allow open compounds, instead allowing only closed or hyphenated ones, like
Holzfäule,
gefriergetrocknet, and
Kunstwerk for the three examples above. (Well, traditionally at least. The influence of English is causing open compounds to be encountered, even if they're technically incorrect.) I leave you with this amazing nugget of German tongue-twisting compounding, with English translation in the description:
[/linguist]