No there aren't any real barriers.
If a women wants to get into in engineering today, she can, easily. No shortage of successful women, and female role models etc if they want those.
I think they (average) are not interested, not in electronics, not in preparing race cars, not in plumbing, not in breaking speed records.
Just like men (average) are not interested in dancing, fashion and barbie.
The few females that entered engineering with me (<10%) nearly all chose chemistry/bio and not electronics, not electomechanics.
And the veryvery few that indeed did electronics or electromechanics, ended up in a marketing, pure-sales or Human resources.
It is proven in the sixties that you can't change someone's gender at birth, and raise him in the new gender.
There is very much connected to the gender awareness, the ones who say no often have a political agenda or earn their money in that field.
I support groups that encourage girls to get into engineering/STEM etc, that's great.
I don't (in my country/area)
Everything they produce are sponsored childish video's, with false data. Geeky stuff, a real humiliation to the STEM field.
Encouraging the wrong people to start, they often give up after 2 weeks, or choose another career.
I am personally aware of only 3 women who work in the STEM field as a de-facto engineer. It's not them who complain about being discriminated.
It's not them complaining about wage gap. I never expierienced a difference in working with them, because they are female.
They also completely didn't have an outspoken lesbian, feminist behavour or look.
No material for the media or TV.