carton of eggs in the microwave
Young'n's! I assume this has very similar results to putting some eggs on the (regular) stove to hard boil, and then going out shopping for a couple of hours?
Um, no. You've heard of flash-boil steam explosions?
Well an uncooked egg is mostly water. In a water-tight container that is pretty strong due to its shape. So in the microwave oven the eggs just sit there, getting hotter and hotter. They get to over the boiling point of water, with the pressure going up and up and still they don't explode. Then one of them does. This detonates all the others.
Of course the contents are not pure water. The oven gets exploded, and the 'omlette' spray is pretty uniform on the surrounding area.
My favorite microwave oven trick is the free-floating plasma 'flame'. It's a very interesting sight, a great tutorial in high power RF behavior, and mostly harmless to the oven. Mostly...
There are several ways to achieve it, though all can be finicky. The easiest:
Take a standard wooden matchstick. Light it. Let it carbonize about half the matchstick then blow it out. Now you have a bit of wood with an attached piece of delicate charcoal, full of micro-cracks.
With a bit of wax, bluetack or whatever, carefully stick the wood base of the matchstick to a stable base, that can be placed in the microwave. Best if it's on the rotating plate, so it travels through different zones of the field standing wave. The match should be upright, charcoal end up.
Close the oven, set to full power, turn on.
If it works, you'll see a plasma flame appear at the match, then separate and drift around in the oven, following a complex and pretty random path influenced by multiple factors. Including the movement of the maximum RF standing wave field nodes and convection of the air heated by the plasma. If it's an old transformer and half-wave rectified HV type of oven the 'flame' buzzes loudly at 50Hz, because the RF field is pulse modulated at mains frequency. Effectively you're looking at a crude flame audio transducer.
The 'flame' wants to convect upwards with the heated air, but its energy source is the microwave standing node, which is moving unrelated to the air. Also the flame itself is conductive and absorbing field energy, therefore altering the geometry of the standing wave. It's quite a chaotic system, so can be very variable. If the plasma flame gets detached from its RF node, it just goes out instantly. And can't restart.
It's interesting to consider what happens at the initiation of the flame by the matchstick. It happens too fast to follow, and afterwards the matchstick is gone. I'm guessing the charcoal has small cracks in the moderately conductive carbon. The carbon length acts as an antenna, focusing RF energy across the cracks. So an air breakdown arc starts there. But the arc itself is a conductor, and can absorb energy from the field. It does - vaporizing the carbon and getting bigger. It rapidly destroys the matchstick, and grows to the maximum size supportable by the energy being input to the RF field by the magnetron. At this point it is no longer anchored to anything physical, so it is free to drift off. It then follows the most energy-rich path in the RF field.
I said it's 'mostly harmless' to the oven, because the arc is just a load, no different to a glass of water. BUT... the floating arc can end up parked against the oven wall at some point. Where it will burn the paint, or maybe even burn through the metal. That's not desirable since then you'd have a major RF power leakage, which is dangerous to you.
I've seen some people claim this process is 'ball lightning'. But it most definitely isn't related at all.
However it's still fascinating.
The matchstick method only works once per match. Another method I found would work repeatedly, involved a small ring of graphite (it was a shaft seal in a liquids pump) with a slot cut in it. Much like the loop antenna and airgap used in the very first demonstration of radio wave transmission, but much smaller. I set the ring in a ceramic holder, gap facing upwards, put in oven. A plasma flame would reliably form at the ring's gap then break away and float around freely. As soon as it extinguished another would start at the ring gap. I presume this behavior was due to the floating arc absorbing enough of the RF energy to bring the field strength low enough so no new arc could form at the ring's gap. Extinguish the floating arc, field strength goes up, new arc forms, cycle repeats.
Unfortunately the little graphite ring eroded away and stopped working, and I only had one such bearing, salvaged from a pump I'd found.