There is a PIC-Basic compiler, or at least there used to be. It wasn't a Microchip product, and it was expensive as Cadillac cars. But, if you look around a bit, you might be able to find that. If I recall, I think it was in the neighborhood of $1000USD, but it may have been less. I know it was a lot. I never bought it and at that time, the C compilers were a fortune also. They had no free versions.
C is actually quite easy. It's not as forgiving as Basic, but, I'm not sure forgiving is a good thing. Any language is going to have some traps for a beginner vs something they already know. But C is really quite simple if you are only doing simple things. Get a nice little Hello World, or Hello Blinking Led program going, and from there you see how easy it is. C compilers are free, so you can afford a little time spent learning.
MPLabX is a bit slow. Nothing like the old MPLab used to be. The added functionality though is worth the wait if you ask me. If all you want to do is program chips, they have other utilities for that anyway. I've been using MplabX on linux since Beta 2 or 3. Though at that point, I did a lot of things on windows in the old system.
I recall reading somewhere here too that a person has DipTrace running under Wine on Linux. There's another package you should install, and get familiar with doing some custom configs so programs work like you remember them on Windoze. Seems I also remember a person having LTSpice running on Ubuntu under Wine too. You should be able to get a pretty complete system going if you spend a little time at it.