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How do text messages travel from one phone carrier to another?

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MadScientist:
What the OP is referring to is mobile backhaul , E1/T1 bundles were the mainstay , now largely superseded by fibre and to some extent microwave

In Africa sat based backhaul is used in places.

MadScientist:
SMS messaging did not the internet abs still doesn’t  imho.

SMS makes use of resources in the gsm signaling protocol

esepecesito:
Wow! So much answers and only a couple right :)
The correct one is "SS7" it is a dinosaur, but still newer as R2, which was replaced by SS7.

nctnico:

--- Quote from: Beamin on December 01, 2018, 11:47:42 pm ---Say I have Verizon in MD and send it to a att phone in MA. It goes over a data channel in CDMA to my local tower then it ____________________ tower transmits on a voice/data channel to the gsm handset?


--- End quote ---
Nowadays text messages are probably split off at the cell tower and transmitted over an IP network with gateways between operators. Back in the old days the text messages where included in the signalling channel on T1/E1 links (which could be aggregated in links with more bandwidth channels) from the base stations and then get exchanged between telecom operators. The problem with this system is that it was never designed to handle the amount of text messages that users where sending so companies started making products to split the text messages from the signalling channels and aggregate these on seperate links between operators.

RJSV:
   Yes, as mentioned, using digital trunk lines, a 'Teleco'
organization like DSC, in my limited expertise, I think they sell 'giant switches', that essentially use a decimate and re-bundle strategy for handing mass numbers of signal (DS1 type and DS3 type).
  Say you have the DSC 'switch'; a cross-point having 8192 (that's 8K) by 8192. Each of those DS3 streams is containing 28 DS1 streams, ... something approx like that. Each DS1 being one single channel. (I don't have enough TELECOM expertise to discuss full or half duplex, but at any rate the job of this mass switch is to
for example pull out any DS1 signals that need to go to Rome, then assemble a new DS3 stream, containing all those DS1 streams. Then, that gets sent on down to Rome, in this case.
  It's probably very complicated, as you could imagine in a world wide network, with demands for speed, forany many clients, each themselves operating on a mass basis (and with 8K by 8K switch stations peppered throughout.
  So that's my barely-informed guess, as I had some experience at DSC in Texas
(Digital Switch Corporation).
   After re-building one of those larger mass streams, my guess is that 'Trunk Line' often means a high capacity microwave or even optical transmission.
Yeah, no twisted pairs: These systems are the big bunnies.

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