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How does the electron make a photon in an antenna?
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Halcyon:

--- Quote from: aetherist on February 06, 2023, 12:44:19 am ---
--- Quote from: Halcyon on February 06, 2023, 12:02:20 am ---
--- Quote from: aetherist on February 05, 2023, 10:55:46 pm ---
--- Quote from: Halcyon on February 05, 2023, 10:19:45 pm ---
--- Quote from: aetherist on February 05, 2023, 11:19:56 am ---I will write proper when u learn to pronounce proper.
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How about you start writing "proper" now? I've gone back through some of your recent posts and they just seem to be complete nonsense.
I don't know if you're just a troll, or whether your medication needs adjusting but you don't make a lot of sense.
--- End quote ---
I invite u to show me where my ELECTON ELECTICITY fails – one strike & it is out – but i will hit every pitch of yours out of the park.
--- End quote ---
Or let's just stick with proven, scientific fact and drop the bullshit. Facts are facts, whether you believe in them or not.
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Ok --  i will pitch -- u bat – in electron electricity how duz insulation slow the speed of electricity from 3c/3 for bare Cu to 2c/3 for insulated Cu?

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No idea, because this isn't my area of expertise. All I need to do is look up your misspelling of both words to know you are talking made-up bollocks. Not to mention your misspelling of common, everyday words and garbage grammar.
aetherist:

--- Quote from: bigfoot22 on February 06, 2023, 12:51:52 am ---
--- Quote from: aetherist on February 06, 2023, 12:44:19 am ---
--- Quote from: Halcyon on February 06, 2023, 12:02:20 am ---
--- Quote from: aetherist on February 05, 2023, 10:55:46 pm ---
--- Quote from: Halcyon on February 05, 2023, 10:19:45 pm ---
--- Quote from: aetherist on February 05, 2023, 11:19:56 am ---I will write proper when u learn to pronounce proper.
--- End quote ---
How about you start writing "proper" now? I've gone back through some of your recent posts and they just seem to be complete nonsense.
I don't know if you're just a troll, or whether your medication needs adjusting but you don't make a lot of sense.
--- End quote ---
I invite u to show me where my ELEKTON ELEKTICITY fails – one strike & it is out – but i will hit every pitch of yours out of the park.
--- End quote ---
Or let's just stick with proven, scientific fact and drop the bullshit. Facts are facts, whether you believe in them or not.
--- End quote ---
Ok --  i will pitch -- u bat – in electron electricity how duz insulation slow the speed of electricity from 3c/3 for bare Cu to 2c/3 for insulated Cu?

--- End quote ---

Insulation does not slow down the speed of electricity in a conductor. The speed of electricity in a conductor is determined by its electrical conductivity and the density of its electrons. The speed of electricity in a vacuum, which is the speed of light, is approximately 3 x 10^8 m/s (300 million meters per second). The speed of electricity in a conductor is typically slower than this, but the specific speed depends on the conductivity of the material. Insulation, which is a non-conductive material, simply helps to prevent electricity from flowing through it and potentially shorting out the conductor. - ChatGPT

I think its doing pretty good actually considering it grasped what you were saying, fixed your spelling mistakes and then answered the question.

I might ask it to do my laundry too.

Of course there is also the infamous Veritasium video:


Then the update:


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Why did u link to Veritasium -- he (& others) says that electric energy is not carried by the electrons in a wire -- hence in that sense he & i agree.
And, i insist that the speed of electricity is 2c/3 when the Cu is insulated.
aetherist:
William Beaty -- Electrical Engineer 35yrs, electrostatics hobbyist, Amasci siteUpdated Mon

A Veritasium video said that a light bulb with the wires a light second away from the battery will light up in 1/c seconds if the light bulb and the battery were a meter apart. Doesn't the light bulb physically require electrons to pass through it?

Edit: “Z Y” changed his mind, agrees with me, getting the same numbers I did: Aha, Electroboom also agrees, getting the same numbers:
.
So, electrical engineers can figure it out, while physicists believe that signals can travel inside solid copper at approximately c velocity. (Doesn’t happen. Physics actually says that 100% of the electrical energy travels only in empty space outside the wires. Within the copper, the speed of light is roughly ten meters per second, and this low V causes the skin-effect. So, don’t look at Feynman Lectures or at Purcell physics, instead look at JD Kraus’ book “Electromagnetics.”)
Note that Veritasium’s video is COUNTERINTUITIVE, intended to embarrass even some of the experts (the many who never had their grade-school “lies” get debunked later. Some “experts” incorrectly think that electrical energy travels inside wires. Veritasium points this out. )
So, even experts who SHOULD know better, still angrily insist that electrical energy flows *inside* solid copper. Nope. Doesn’t. In physics class, perhaps they were sick that day, and missed it during college coursework? Or, their textbook didn’t get into Maxwell’s equations regarding waveguides (coax cables, etc.)
Note well that anything moving at c through solid copper would generate x-rays at least, or perhaps fusion explosions. In circuits, electrical energy can move at c because it “leapfrogs” between electrons on the surface of wires. The energy travels as EM flows in space, located entirely outside the metal surface, but firmly guided by the moving charges.
Maxwell and Heaviside say that the amount of electrical energy inside any copper wire is zero, and 100% of “wattage” is in the fields.[1] We’ve known this for about 120 years, so it should only surprise people who never had college physics.
What’s the “for dummies” rule of thumb?
Just tell yourself that, inside capacitors, 100% of the energy is in the e-field, not inside the metal plates. And in coils, 100% of the energy is in the b-field, not circulating inside the wires. The same also applies to all circuits, since even a simple circuit is a combination of 1-turn inductor and 2-plate capacitor: a loop of current, plus two adjacent wires with opposite surface-charge.
However, even with the truth being well known, it’s absolutely NOT taught in high school …and even then, only taught to a portion of the physicists and engineers.
The rest of the population, when they first hear about it, will “see red” and start arguing and getting personal …unknowingly attacking Maxwell, and sneeringly rejecting a century of very conventional RF engineering. Their wrong beliefs are painful to watch, embarrassing. They thought they were ridiculing Veritasium, when actually they were ridiculing their own textbooks on Electrodynamics, which apparently they’d since forgotten.
So, Veritasium is correct, and the ones who insist that the energy flows *inside* the copper are trapped in embarrassing childhood misconceptions they should have lost during their undergrad sci/eng courses. (How will they ever live it down? Hee!)
Here’s the key to everything: transmission lines are not RF-only devices. After all, the physics for transmission lines has no lower bound on frequency! The physics/math applies equally well to DC as to GHz waves. 2-wire lines turn out to be a weird type of waveguide, where we can reduce the frequency all the way down to zero, yet the wave-energy is still outside the wires, and guided by the wires.
The key again: coax cables (etc.) employ the same math and physics at GHz as they do at 60Hz, and at DC. Wires are waveguides, ALL wires are waveguides, regardless of frequency. Hint: inside solid copper the speed of light is quite low: roughly tens of M/S. In circuits, the axial-directed EM energy is entirely flowing 100% outside the wires, and also the energy-flow outside the wires is the cause if of skin-effect, and crosstalk, as well as explaining the operation of capacitors and transformers (where the same occurs, and the EM energy is located entirely outside the metal parts.)
Actually, all this answers a question I had as a kid. Microwaves flow through huge damn rectangular hollow waveguides. But they also go right through extremely narrow coaxial cable, less than a hundredth of a wavelength! HOOWWWW?!! It’s because in 2-wire lines, the fields compress themselves down if the lines come together, and there is no lower bound to this process, as long as the two lines don’t touch each other.

aetherist:
William Beatty (Quora).
Is the speed of electricity in a wire (signal speed) related to the speed of light (a function of the permeability and permittivity of space) or the speed of sound (based on nearest neighbor interactions of electrons)?
 
Signals on wires aren’t a “nearest neighbor” phenomenon. Instead, when electrons move, they create altered EM fields and altered attraction/repulsion forces. These forces are experienced by distant electrons in the wire, not just by the close neighbors in adjacent atoms. Next, those distant electrons are, again, moved by those long-range EM field-forces …which then send out new fields, which affect even more distant electrons in the wire.
In other words, the vibrations of one electron can “leapfrog” across large distances and pass over immense numbers of electrons. If electrons are like a chain, then the “yank” isn’t going from link to link, instead it’s an EM wave which ripples through the space outside the links, yet is guided by the row of links (the column of mobile electrons in the wire surface.)
This effect, plus the extremely low mass of electrons, leads to signal-velocities closely approaching lightspeed. And, since these fields DON’T travel inside the metal of the wires …if we place some ferrite or some plastic insulation just outside the wires, the “leapfrogging fields” must pass through that material, and this has an enormous effect on the speed of the signals

[1] In wires the current usually propagates slightly slower than light in a vacuum, going slower than “c”. This happens whenever the wire is encased in plastic, not in vacuum. The plastic insulation slows down the waves of current …much like the glass in a prism slows down the light waves passing through it.
The electrical waves will propagate at 2/3 of “c,” or even slower, depending on the type of plastic.
 Search for… “velocity factor” in cables
aetherist:

--- Quote from: bigfoot22 on February 06, 2023, 02:51:21 am ---I don't know the answer.

But I do know that reading your text is extremely painful.

Therefore I am awarding you the Nobel Prize, in Confusion and Pain.

--- End quote ---
That wordage is William Beatty's.
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