I have never had a failure definitively caused by using compressed air or a vacuum by either of the stated mechanisms. But these failures have been reported.
The message is that it can happen, but is somewhat uncommon. How uncommon? I have never seen any solid answers to this. My own experience suggests that it is less than one in fifty, but there are some uncontrolled variables here. I may be more careful than average. For example I mechanically restrain fans so they don't spin when cleaned with compressed air. The climate I operate in my not be representative. And there is a real possibility that latent ESD damage was caused, but not detected by me.
So the question becomes one of risk vs reward with bad data to inform the decision. The reward is that compressed air and vacuums are easier and more effective than brushes and paper towels. The risk is an unknown probability of a potentially very costly repair bill.
Those following this thread will all have to make their own decision. Until someone finds a way to collect a significant amount of data with appropriate identification of the variables it will be more of an emotional personal decision than a rational one. My personal decision is easily detected in the form of my answer.