As bdunham7 pointed out, retailers may be partly to blame if they don't update to more secure technology. As a customer, I suppose I could choose to not deal with those retailers if I know it might compromise the security of my own money...
But, ultimately I think the banks are largely responsible. They invented CC's and then debit cards. If using those is not secure, then it is their fault and they should be held responsible for any thefts.
I have not lived anywhere but the US (something I regret as I grow older, but that's another discussion.) Here, anyone paying attention understands that EVERYTHING is driven by money. It's not always ideal; it falls apart completely with any kind of monopoly, but largely it works as long as the people with the money to spend have the power. That's us, the consumers.
Years ago, most banks offered interest bearing savings accounts but charged fees for a checking account. Then a few banks started offering free checking, perhaps with a minimum balance. People switched to those banks and eventually most banks started offering free checking accounts, maybe even bearing minuscule interest. I count on the same mechanism to push banks to take responsibility for CC/debit security without passing the cost on to their customers. Not because the suits in the top floor offices care about us, but because they'll learn that they will lose business if they don't.