I’m surprised no one mentioned Derive, extremely powerful and easy to use. Still my prefered for hardcore math. Of course the interface is old, but I started using it with msdos so I’m used to it.
This program can handle algebraic formulas with undefined variables like a juggler. Complex numers? Not a problem. Want to evaluate pi with 20000 decimals? Not a problem. Matrixes? not a problem. Jacobians, gamma functions? Not a problem...
One of the few math programs that can solve ( it does solve it ) an equation like ax^4+bx^3+cx^2+dx+e=0, giving general equations with a,b,c,d,e.